The statement “The three common etiologies of cervical spondylolisthesis include congenital, traumatic, and degenerative” is true.

• A. True
• B. False
• C. Not stated
• D. Cannot be determined

Answer: (A)

The main idea is understanding what typically causes cervical spondylolisthesis. The statement lists congenital, traumatic, and degenerative as the common etiologies, and this aligns with standard medical understanding. Congenital reasons involve developmental abnormalities that predispose the vertebrae to slip. Traumatic reasons come from an injury that destabilizes the spine, allowing forward movement of one vertebra over the one beneath it. Degenerative reasons reflect age-related wear—discs lose height and facet joints degenerate, which can let the vertebrae slip. While other uncommon causes exist, these three cover the majority of cases, so the statement is true.